23 Anthropology Essay Topics on Dorset Culture

23 Anthropology Essay Topics on Dorset Culture One of the cultures discussed during anthropology course is the Dorset culture. Since your instructor would want you to read more about it, you may be tasked with an essay on it. In order to make yours stand out from the rest of the class and ensure that you get a good grade as a result, use the following facts to support your essay. The timeline of the Dorset Culture is divided into four periods: The Early (beginning around 500 BCE) Middle Late (beginning around CE 800) Terminal (between CE 1000 to 1500) It is evident from various digging sites of the Dorset that the Thule migrated from east of Alaska during the Terminal period. The expression â€Å"Cape Dorset Culture† was coined by Diamond Jenness in 1925. While studying the mixed collections that came from the Hudson Strait Area and Cape Dorset on Baffin Island, Jenness deduced that the culture existed before the Thule. Dorset and later the Thule people were the civilization which the Norse encountered when they visited the area. Calling them skrà ¦ling, which means ‘primitive people’, the Norse noted that they were strong and gigantic in structure, but easily scared. The Dorset Culture existed in Foxe Basin, which is a shallow oceanic basin north of Hudson Bay. They primarily resided in the areas of Nunavik, Labrador, Newfoundland and Low Arctic of Nunavut. Common objects found at Dorset sites include snow knives. This indicates that this civilization had knowledge and experience in making snow houses, which are now known as Igloos. Dorset people had great interest in carved objects, especially bears, fish and birds carved from bone, wood, ivory. They are considered the pioneers in carving artwork as none of the artefacts dating before their arrival were carved with such finesse. The Newfoundland Museum houses a substantial collection dug from Dorset sites. The collection includes Polar Bears, Human Figures, Birds, Human Skull and many other artifacts. Most of these represent the Dorset’s beliefs, especially with regards to the supernatural. Nature aside, various archaeologists assume that the Dorset people’s artwork was mainly inspired from their spiritual beliefs. Although the Dorset people did trade with the Thule, they did not favor the idea of mingling with them and chose to remain isolated. Anthropologists assume that their art is what they used to differentiate themselves from the Thule. The Dorset Civilization descended from Paleo-Eskimos of the Pre-Dorset Culture in 2000-500 BCE. By comparison, the Dorset people had a more prosperous economy and lived in permanent snow and turf-made houses. The earlier Dorset people did not hunt land animals such as caribou or polar bear because they did not have proper hunting tools like the arrow and bow. They survived by hunting sea mammals like the seal, which they hunted by cutting holes in the ice. In the Nunavik region, the late Dorset populations mainly hunted all mammals except the large whales or fed on migratory birds. They were fond of collecting various species of plants as well. There is no genetic connection between the Dorset and the Thule people. This shows that intermarriage between the two cultures did not happen. However, there was trade of knowledge between them as the Thule engaged in seal-hole hunting after migrating. Seal-hole hunting was not part of the Thule’s tradition, which could mean that the Dorset people must have taught them this skill. According to some scholars, Sadlermiut were the last remnants of the Dorset culture, as their culture and dialect differed from the mainland Inuit. This theory came to light during a mitochondrial DNA research in 2002. Another similar research in 2012 showed no link between the Sadlermiut and the Dorset. The hunting technology of the Dorset Culture included small triangular end-blades which they hefted onto harpoon heads. The harpoons were then used to hunt seals as well as larger sea mammals such as the walrus and narwhals. The Dorset people used soapstones to make lamps and relied on seal oil to fuel them. They used these lamps for heating and illuminating their homes during long, cold and dark winter months. The Dorset people had ice-creepers which resemble the modern Alaskan ice-creeper. However, the Dorset Ice-creeper may have been inspired by a similar object before it was replaced altogether in that region. Traditionally settling on coasts, the Dorset civilization lived in small tent rings that often included axial features. Their houses were generally subterranean, and their tents were skin-covered in summer time. This shows that they were more inclined towards the sea than their descendants, the Palaeo-Eskimo, as most of their houses were exposed to headlands and outer islands. They also had structures that resemble long houses, which they used in periods of extreme winter. During this time, Dorset families gathered and lived under a single roof. Dorset people used to live in small, close-knit communities. Each village consisted of no more than 20 to 30 people. The Late Dorset flintknappers were capable of producing a wide number of lithic materials such as slate, basalt, agate, quartzite and soapstone. These were then used for making a variety of weapons and knife blades. The Dorset people often used driftwood for construction. It was rarely used, though, because it was not being brought in continuously due to long distances. It is believed that the Dorset people had transportation means to travel through sea as well as on land. There is evidence suggesting that they made sleds, which were either pulled by hand or animals. Some archaeologists also believe that the Dorset built Kayak-like Boats. A large number of bones found at Dorset sites were of various bird species. They were presumably captured by nets or on open water when they could not fly during molting season. The Dorset culture started to disappear from the Labrador around 1500 years ago. They disappeared entirely from Greenland and the Canadian arctic. Their initial displacement from outside of the island of Newfoundland may have been due to the Thule. Why did the Dorset People disappear is still under-debate. Thule people had a strong history of warfare and had better hunting weapons then them, which is probably why conflicts between the two civilizations may have eliminated the former. However, the Medieval Warm Period may have threatened the existence of the Dorset population beforehand. These should give sufficient insights for you to write an anthropology essay on Dorset culture. Additionally you may check our 20 topics and 1 sample essay on Dorset culture as well a complete guide to write an essay paper  in  anthropology. References: Michael Fortescue, Steven Jacobson Lawrence Kaplan (1994): Comparative Eskimo Dictionary; with Aleut Cognates (Alaska Native Language Center Research Paper 9) Robert McGhee (2005): The Last Imaginary Place: A Human History of the Arctic World Robert McGhee (2001): Ancient People of the Arctic Plummet Patrick, Lebel Serge (1997). Dorset Tip Fluting: A Second American Invention. Arctic Anthropology 34 (2): 132–162. Renouf M.A.P. (1999). Prehistory of Newfoundland Hunter-Gatherers: Extinctions or Adaptations?. World Archaeology 30 (3): 403–420 Bonvillain, Nancy. The Inuit. Chelsea House Publishers, 1995 britannica.com/topic/Dorset-culture

Recommendation Letters for Midlife Graduate Students

Recommendation Letters for Midlife Graduate Students Thinking about changing careers? Graduate school is the ticket to a career change; its not just for recent graduates. Many adults consider returning to school to earn a masters or doctoral degree and begin the career of their dreams. Think graduate school is only for the young? Think again. The average graduate student (collapsing over masters and doctoral programs in all fields) is well over 30 years of age. Midlife applicants to graduate school have special concerns. For example, what do you do about letters of recommendation when youve been out of college for a decade? Thats a tough one. Before you resign yourself to completing another bachelors degree or, worse yet, give up on applying to graduate school altogether, try the following: Contact your professors from college Professors keep records on students for years. Its a long shot, though, because professors are known to move on to other schools or retire, but try anyway. More importantly, professors probably wont recall enough about you to write a competent letter. While its helpful to obtain at least one letter from a professor, it might not be possible to contact your old professors. What then? Enroll in a class Before applying to graduate school, try taking a few classes, either at the undergraduate level if youre entering a new field or at the graduate level. Excel in those classes and let your professors get to know you. If theyre doing research in your area of interest, volunteer to help. Letters from faculty who know you now will help your application immensely. Ask a supervisor or employer to write on your behalf Given that most graduate applications require three letters of recommendation, you may need to look beyond faculty for your letters. A supervisor can write about your work ethic, enthusiasm, maturity, and life experience. The trick is ensuring that your referee understands what graduate admissions committees are looking for in applicants. Provide your referee with all the information he or she needs to write an excellent letter. Include a description of your work-related experiences, why you wish to attend graduate school, your skills, and abilities as well as examples of how your current work demonstrates those skills and abilities. In other words, consider exactly what youd like the letter to say, then provide your supervisor with everything he or she needs to write that letter. Provide phrases and paragraphs that contain important material and examples illustrating your capacities; this can help your supervisor frame the task and his or her evaluation. It can also subtly guide yo ur letter writer; however, do not expect your supervisor to simply copy your work. By helping - providing detailed information and guidance - you can influence your letter by making it easy for your supervisor. Most people like easy and your letter is likely to reflect that.

Why was it so hard for the ancient jews to be pure monotheists Essay

Why was it so hard for the ancient jews to be pure monotheists - Essay Example Abraham is the ancestor of Jews, Christians and Muslims; it is therefore these three religions are called as Abrahamic religions. All the three Abrahamic religions strongly believe(d) in the oneness of God. Actually, it is the basic teachings of the above mentioned religions to adopt monotheism i.e. worship one and the only God. Monotheism simply means belief in the unity of Almighty God, the Creator, the Sustainer, the Fashioner, the Omnipotent, the Lord of the Empyrean. The source of spiritual guidance and inspiration i.e. the divine scriptures reached to man through the prophets of God. And these Holy Scriptures including Torah, Bible and Quran clearly reveal that the Jews were instructed to worship only one God according to the sacred Covenant. â€Å"The essence of the Hebrew religion (i.e. Judaism)†, Alan (1993) states, â€Å"was that the Lord had made a covenant with the chosen people, the children of Israel.† And the first term of the covenant was worshipping of the one God (Yahweh). The Torah declares one God as the Creator of the world. In its words: â€Å"In the beginning Elohim created the heavens and the earth†. (Genesis: 1:1). The Quran affirms the covenant between the Lord and the Israelites stating the significance of monotheism in these words: â€Å"O Children of Israel! Remember My favor wherewith I favored you, and fulfill your (part of the) covenant, I shall fulfill My (part of the) covenant, and fear Me (only ).† (Al-Quran, 2: 40). Here, fear strongly signifies submission and worshipping. Further, Quran states regarding monotheism among early Judaism in these words: â€Å"And (remember) when We made a covenant with the Children of Israel, (saying): Worship none save Allah (only), and be good to parents and to kindred and to orphans and the needy, and speak kindly to mankind; and establish worship and pay the poor-due. Then, after that, ye slid back, save a few of you, being averse.† (2: 83). It

Press Release Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Press Release - Essay Example Recognizing that fans are interested in more than just sports commentary, Fanzplanet (or Terry Davenport) provides an unparalleled forum for fan interaction. While traditional sports news sites only focus on major news elements, this new social network recognizes that the fan experience expands well beyond what happens between the start and end of the game. Within this spectrum of understanding there are a variety of specific elements that are implemented. As noted, the site implements social media and fan interaction as primary modes of operation. Curious about the atmosphere outside the Super Bowl or World Series? Fanzplanet allows fans to post tailgate, at-game, and home videos that record their game experiences. Fans can login and see actual videos of outside game events, then tune in on television and catch the game. There will even be Fan-Buzz cameras that capture exclusive interviews with fans at the game. In addition to video posting this site allows participants to blog and connect as part of a sports community. Traditional sporting news sites have largely operated to disseminate news, with commentary only as a second-thought. This site brings fan commentary and interaction to the foreground, as in-game blogging occurs allowing fans to directly interact and comment with each other on in-game occurrences. Fans can then add each other to communicate and debate over future games. This increased interactivity is not only informative, it allows fans to participate in the game in a way that brings the sports bar experience to their computer console. Ultimately, this site will be an exciting contribution to the sports and social networking landscape. For the casual and passionate fan, this site offers an unparalleled experience for all sporting experiences. Don’t miss out! Fans can also follow updates on twitter at http://twitter.com/fanzplanetfans and via their Facebook fans page at http://bit.ly/93KsFj. Members of Fanzplanet

Subhas Chandra Bose Essay Example for Free

Subhas Chandra Bose Essay Subhas Chandra Bose ( listen (help ·info); 23 January 1897 – unknown) also known as Netaji (Bengali/Oriya/Hindi): â€Å"Respected Leader†), was one of the most prominent Indian nationalist leaders who attempted to gain Indias independence from British rule by force during the waning years of World War II with the help of the Axis powers. Bose, who had been ousted from the Indian National Congress in 1939 following differences with the more conservative high command,[2] and subsequently placed under house arrest by the British, escaped from India in early 1941. 3] He turned to the Axis powers for help in gaining Indias independence by force. [4] With Japanese support, he organised the Indian National Army (INA), composed largely of Indian soldiers of the British Indian army who had been captured in the Battle of Singapore by the Japanese. As the war turned against them, the Japanese came to support a number of countries to form provisional governments in the captured regions, including those in Burma, the Philippines and Vietnam, and in addition, the Provisional Government of Azad Hind, presided by Bose. 4] Boses effort, however, was short lived; in 1945 the British army first halted and then reversed the Japanese U Go offensive, beginning the successful part of the Burma Campaign. The INA was driven down the Malay Peninsula, and surrendered with the recapture of Singapore. It was reported that Bose died soon thereafter from third degree burns received after attempting to escape in an overloaded Japanese plane which crashed in Taiwan,[5] which is disputed. 6] The trials of the INA soldiers at Red Fort, Delhi, in late 1945 caused huge public response in India. [7][8] Clement Attlee, the British Prime Minister during whose rule India became independent, mentioned that INA activities of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose (which weakened the Indian Army – the very foundation of the British Empire in India) and the Royal Indian Navy mutiny in 1946[9][10][11][12] were major reasons that made the British realise that they were no longer in a position to rule India.

The Book Thief: Concentration Camps and Death Marches Essay -- The Boo

World War II was a grave event in the twentieth century that affected millions. Two main concepts World War II is remembered for are the concentration camps and the marches. These marches and camps were deadly to many yet powerful to others. However, to most citizens near camps or marches, they were insignificant and often ignored. In The Book Thief, author Markus Zusak introduces marches and camps similar to Dachau to demonstrate how citizens of nearby communities were oblivious to the suffering in those camps during the Holocaust. Much of The Book Thief revolved around a common German family hiding a Jew. During the Holocaust and the book, Jews and other people seen as insignificant were imprisoned in concentration camps. Max, the Jew that the Hubermanns were hiding, could cause them to get into deep trouble. However, they still hid him. The Hubermanns lived in a town close to a concentration camp and often saw marches of prisoners through town. Even with a potential prisoner living in their residence, the Hubermanns, along with most everyone else in Molching, were unaware of the events that actually happened in the concentration camp and marches. Dachau and its sub camps were awful places in general, but living as a prisoner in these camps was even worse, just as the marches were. The physical characteristics that made up Dachau and its sub camps were horrifying. The prisoners that had to face the extreme conditions of camps were certainly not oblivious to everything that was happening. Marches were a significant part of prisoners’ lives during the later parts of World War II. Lives of prisoners during World War II were horrendous throughout. This was the life Max most likely endured after he left th... ...les/Janowitz%20on%20Nazi%20Atrocities.pdf> Lowenberg, William (Bill). Interview. Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 1993. 15 Mar. 2014. Lynch, Pat. Interview. Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 1995. 15 Mar. 2014. Peyton, Dallas. Interview. Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2004. 19 Mar. 2014. media_oi.php?MediaId=4784> Sachar, Abram. â€Å"The Liberation of Dachau.† Jewish Virtual Library. The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. Zusak, Markus. The Book Thief. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005. Print.

Machiavelli’s The Prince Essay

In Machiavelli’s The Prince, he plunged into how a prince could bulwark his position once he reaches the top. One of the many ways of how to secure a prince’s position is conquest by criminal virtue. In conquest by criminal virtue, Michiavelli said that a prince secures his position when he reaches the top because it takes a long time and a lot of hard work to prosper. So to make sure no one takes away their position, the prince crushes his opponents and earns obeisance from the people as much as possible. The prince also makes fewer compromises with their allies, trying to stand alone because he believes he is more sufficient and stronger than the others. A prince must also know how to reform orders. This may cause havoc because people who benefited the old order might oppose the prince but he must have the power to force the people to continue supporting him even though they are already having second thoughts. So why does this persist even though every politician and every citizen who thinks rationally knows that this is immoral. We humans are naturally driven by our hunger for power, fame and fortune. We set aside moral values and ethical values just to quench our self-interests. Politicians act on it because they know this is the easiest way to eliminate a threat. This is a permanent thing so when an enemy ceases to exist, he’s permanently gone from the competition and this gives the other politician a peace of mind because he knows that he will win for sure if he has no opponent. Citizens do not act upon this because first, citizens that belong to the lower class are afraid. How could they go against someone so powerful that this person could end their life with just a snap of their fingers? The span and extent of power of this kind of politician is vague that it might extend to having the upper hand and control over criminals and we never know what he will do just to preserve his power, fame and fortune. Second, most citizens who know about the wrong doings of this politician is paid and given a lot of consolations for their support and silence. As I said, we humans are naturally driven by our hunger by fortune. For people who do not work and believe in gaining money from a real job, this is the most convenient way of earning money because they don’t have to do anything but tay silent, run a few errands for the politician and write the politician’s name on their ballot every time he runs for a seat. There is also the fact that when local citizens support this politician, they are more secured and well protected. People who try to clash with these local citizens would already feel threaten beforehand because the politician will back them up in part of their deal for the secrecy of the politician’s dirty work. This is one of the most immoral acts performed in politics, but one that somehow we can never get rid of.

Economy, Religion, Government & Education

The essence of politics is power. Power is the capacity of people or groups to control or influence the actions of others, whether those others wish to cooperate or not. There are three mechanisms for controlling the actions of others: reward, punishment, and controlling of information.Authority and power legitimating Two classification of Power that categorized by Sociologist: Legitimate power – Power used in a way that is generally recognized as socially right and necessary. Illegitimate power – Power used without social approval. Example: Gangsters who demand and receive protection money from a shopkeeper y threatening violence are using illegitimate power. Government agencies that demand and receive a sales tax from the same shopkeeper are using legitimate power. Democracy – literally means â€Å"rule of the people. In a true democracy, the powers of government derive from the formal consent of the governed, and citizens have a right to participate in decisi on-making process. In a representative democracy, the most common type, citizens vote for officials to represent them. Only in very small democratic systems can each citizen affect government by direct involvement; this hype of democracy is called participatory or direct democracy. Totalitarianism – is run by a single party, in which there is governmental surveillance and control over all aspects of life.The totalitarian state creates an official ideology, a total world view and a set of rules of behavior. Rival worldviews are suppressed, rival religious groups are persecuted, and the works of many artists and intellectuals are censored. Authoritarianism Authoritarianism – ultimate authority is vested in a single person. The ruler may be either a monarch (a hereditary ruler), or a dictator (someone who as come to power and typically holds that power by means of force). Ideology and political parties do not play a major role in the authoritarian regime.There are importa nt differences between authoritarian and totalitarian regimes: An authoritarian regime is one that does not tolerate political opposition but is prepared to allow institutions and sectors of society to function free of the state provided they do not engage in political activity. A totalitarian regime is one that seeks to impose state control over every institution of society, regardless of whether it engages in within an all-embracing political design. Berger, 1986:83-84) Authority refers to legitimate power that is institutional in nature.Max Weber classified the main sources of social authority into three types: Traditional authority is authority that is conferred by custom and accepted practice. In a hereditary monarchy, the power of the head of the government is legitimated by birth. Charismatic authority is authority that is generated by the personality or exceptional personal appeal of an individual. Legal-rational authority is authority that rests on rationally established ru les. State – Some legitimate power or authority is found in every group or organization.Formal and Non-Formal Education Informal education is learning through interaction with others in the group. Non- formal education consists of sets of definite learning goals and objectives. Non- formal education is not covered by traditional school system. Social organizations, private companies, government offices, livelihood training centers, and other institutions administer non-formal education. Formal education is synonymous with â€Å"school. † It sets definite goals and objectives reached through systematized, formal instruction methods. Schools are run by the state, by private individuals or reparations, or by religious groups.

Value Of Pi essays

Value Of Pi essays And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the one brim to the other; it was round all about, and his height was five cubits; and a line of thirty cubits did compass it about. This line from the bible demonstrates the ancient nature of the irrational number pi. From the excerpt from the bible it can be concluded that pi equals three. However, today with the advent of the computer many people have calculated pi to billions of digits. With pi calculated to so many digits, the value of three for pi today would be considered nonsense. This is not so. The value of three for pi makes sense in day-to-day life. Suppose you need to make a quick, rough estimate about the area of a circle you certainly cannot multiply a number with billions of digits in your head. For a quick estimate you can use the value of three for pi. Society in general accepts the value of pi to be 3.14. This is taught to us in that boring Geometry since we were in high school. These calculations work well when the problem is a simple textbook problem. However, using pi as 3.14 would cause serious complications when used to figure out complex calculations that require precision such as NASA experiments and fine detailed physics experiments. These calculations require pi to have at least twenty or more digits and are solved with the use of supercomputers, which are able to do over millions of calculations per second. Another way pi can be expressed is the idea of using the complete value of pi every time that the value was used, using the symbol and learning to think in terms other than numbers. This would make calculations very quick and would allow students to understand the concept of pi rather than just using a calculator to find an answer. In the end, you must choose a different value of pi for each situation in which it is used. For day-to-day, practical purposes, the value of three for pi could work. For understanding the concept of pi ...

24 Words Worth Borrowing From Other Languages

24 Words Worth Borrowing From Other Languages A few decades ago, Harold Rheingold set out to find words and phrases that, he says, may help us notice the cracks between our own worldview and those of others. According to Rheingold, Finding a name for something is a way of conjuring its existence. Its a way of making it possible for people to see a pattern where they didnt see anything before. He illustrates this thesis (a version of the controversial Sapir-Whorf hypothesis) in his book They Have a Word for It: A Lighthearted Lexicon of Untranslatable Words and Phrases (reprinted in 2000 by Sarabande Books). Drawing on more than 40 languages, Rheingold examined 150 interesting untranslatable words to borrow in order to help us notice the cracks between our own worldview and those of others. Here are 24 of Rheingolds imported words. Several of them (linked to entries in the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary) have already begun migrating into English. Though its unlikely that all these words will add a new dimension to our lives, at least one or two should provoke a smile of recognition. attaccabottoni (Italian noun): a sad person who buttonholes people and tells long, pointless stories of misfortune (literally, a person who attacks your buttons).berrieh (Yiddish noun): an extraordinarily energetic and talented woman.cavoli riscaldati (Italian noun): an attempt to revive an old relationship (literally, reheated cabbage).Ã ©pater le bourgeois (French verb phrase): to deliberately shock people who have conventional values.farpotshket (Yiddish adjective): slang for something that is all fouled up, especially as the result of an attempt to fix it.fisselig (German adjective): flustered to the point of incompetence as a result of another persons supervision or nagging.fucha (Polish verb): to use company time and resources for your own end.haragei (Japanese noun): visceral, indirect, largely nonverbal communication (literally, belly performance).insaf (Indonesian adjective): socially and politically conscious.lagniappe (Louisiana French noun, from American Spanish): an ext ra or unexpected gift or benefit. lao (Chinese adjective): a respectful term of address for an older person.maya (Sanskrit noun): the mistaken belief that a symbol is the same as the reality it represents.mbuki-mvuki (Bantu verb): to shuck off clothes in order to dance.mokita (Kivila language of Papua New Guinea, noun): the truths of certain social situations that everybody knows but nobody talks about.ostranenie (Russian verb): make an audience see common things in an unfamiliar or strange way in order to enhance perception of the familiar.potlatch (Haida noun): the ceremonial act of gaining social respect by giving away wealth.sabsung (Thai verb): to slake an emotional or spiritual thirst; to be revitalized.schadenfreude (German noun): the pleasure that one feels as a result of someone elses misfortune.shibui (Japanese adjective): simple, subtle, and unobtrusive beauty.talanoa (Hindi noun): idle talk as a social adhesive. (See phatic communication.)tirare la carretta (Italian verb): to slog through dull and tedious everyday chores (literally, to pull the little cart). tsuris (Yiddish noun): grief and trouble, especially the kind that only a son or daughter can give.uff da (Norwegian exclamation): expression of sympathy, annoyance, or mild disappointment.weltschmerz (German noun): a gloomy, romanticized, world-weary sadness (literally world-grief).

Should the Chinese be allowed to continue to fix the Yuan Essay

Should the Chinese be allowed to continue to fix the Yuan - Essay Example The exhibitions held at Guangzhou, Beijing every now and then, attract a lot of participants from the world to buy and sell their products. This has become a platform for Industries to show-case their products. This has taken away the hosting rights from Germany and France, where Industrial Expo used to be held in the past. (ChinaDaily 2009) According to the leading businessmen in China, it is reported that the appreciation of their currency has surpassed the growth of their business beyond their dreams. Due to the higher valuation of Yuan, the exporters who have been making money on Dollar denomination found to be declining in their profits. At the same time the exhibitors are afraid that the process may slow down their export due to the valuation. However the associations and the chamber of commerce in China say that this is only a passing phase and in due course of time it will become normal, as the economy worldwide is improving. (ChinaDaily 2009) The Chinese government, in order to reduce the gap with the major buyer like United States of America, revalued its currency against U.S dollar, to avoid the fixation of the rate of Yuan against U.S dollar. The stronger Yuan will result in the Chinese products being priced higher. By that the sales in US will increase sales in the market and thus bring in a greater amount of dollars. There is a fear in the US market that the Chinese products will cost more due to the fixed rate of Yuan. (Isidore, 2005) The US Senators rather welcome the change of Chinese financial decision though it is not appreciated by the congress. The financial analysts say that the change though small in stature, it is very significant since they have revalued the currency that will pave way for further future valuations. The Global Economists feel that it may not cause an immediate impact on the economics of the trade but will open the doors to strengthen the Chinese currency. But, the incident resulted in the US stocks soaring immediately, only to become normal after some time. (Isidore, 2005) It has been established that the fixed rate of the currency with US $ has widened the trade gap between the two and kept the Chinese made goods cheap buy at US. The Central Bank of China assured that the exchange rate band would be adjusted when necessary according to market development as well as economic and financial situations. In a survey conducted in US it is reported that there will not be much impact on the trade due to the revaluation of the Chinese currency but, there could be market stabilization favoring China in the long run. The US is trying to impose trade sanctions on Chinese imports if market based valuation of Yuan is not allowed. (Isidore, 2005) The major move by the Chinese Government in the currency conversion is backed by the exporters, manufacturers and the suppliers and also the trade bodies /associations in the country. This is a great step forward by them to strengthen the financial and economic stability of the country. The President of China Hu Jintao told US President at a meeting, that in the scene of outbreak of International financial crisis, China has maintained stable Yuan exchange rate despite the difficult economic conditions. When there were Asian financial crisis during 1990's, China earned plaudits for

Environmentally Friendly Sources of Energy Essay

Environmentally Friendly Sources of Energy - Essay Example The anger over high gas prices opened up an old debate over the world's limited fossil fuels, their effect on the environment, and solutions for the future. The course of action is clear, the United States must move beyond Fossil Fuels to more environmentally friendly source of energy. Pollution caused by car fuel is responsible for a number of natural and human afflictions. Topping that long list is acid rain, lung problems including asthma, smog, and global warming. The regulation of car emissions did not begin until 1970. After eighty years of neglect air pollution had become a problem that seemed uncontrollable. President Nixon and his administration struggled to pass legislation that would require vehicles to produce less emissions and be safer for the environment. They did succeed in passing the Federal Clean Air Act, the first in a series of actions meant to improve the quality of air in the United States. The first Act simply stated what was an acceptable amount of emissions and what was not. As the years went by and more provisions were made the Act was still weak, and was used more like a suggestion than a law (Conlin 807). Cars create pollution in a number of ways. The major contribution is ozone being released at a ground level. The World Resources Institute warns "breathing ozone concentrations of 0.012ppm, levels that are typical in many cities can irritate the respiratory tract and impair lung function causing coughing, shortness of breath, and chest pain. In addition to the effects that gas produced pollution has on the human body" (66), it can have a severe effect on the planet as a whole. Another component of car emissions is carbon dioxide, a compound which traps heat. Since the Middle Ages the amount of carbon dioxide in the environment has increased by 30% and the temperature of the planet has increased in a similar way. Global warming can cause many environmental problems including damage to coral reefs, spread of disease, droughts, the melting of the North Pole, and most recently documented severe weather conditions like tropical storms and hurricanes. The amount of gasoline used by cars is staggering. World Resource Institute cites that vehicles used for transportation consumed about 25% of the world's energy, and 80% of that is caused by cars. In 1996 the world's gas consumption topped a trillion liters. America easily uses more gas then it is able to produce. Petroleum is not a renewable resource. The United States imports 50% of the oil it uses (World 79). This leads to an additional problem with petroleum based fuel. The United States has become dependent on foreign countries for this fuel and therefore must maintain a good working relationship with other national governments which nurture terrorism and poor treatment of it's citizens. "Biodiesel is an American-made fuel that can be produced from any fat or vegetable oil, such as soybean oil. Biodiesel is cleaner burning than traditional diesel, and its production and use builds our U.S. economy, rather than our reliance on the Middle East" (Biodiesel, par 3). A shortage of petroleum gas leads to rising gas prices. Of course there are many simple ways that people can cut down on their gas usage. Many of them involved car pooling, not using gas powered machines on ozone days, and to relearn the virtues of taking and enjoying a nice long walk. However, the bigger